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課程內(nèi)容

《The Olympic Games （Part 4）》

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是界定謂語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)維度

英語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)共有四種體（form）:完成體、一般體、進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體。
時(shí)間（time）也有四種：現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。時(shí)態(tài)為二者組合（八種常用）
英語(yǔ)中的兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)為主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)：

Everybody respects him.(主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)
He is respected by everybody.(主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作承受者)
被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)句子中的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中句子的賓語(yǔ)

那些可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

1.及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)榧拔飫?dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，句子就變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Someone broke the window.→The window was broken.

2.不及物動(dòng)詞若與介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)可接賓語(yǔ)，句子也就有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
They have broken into his house.→His house has been broken into.

3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由于不是謂語(yǔ)，不能改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但可以有被動(dòng)形式：to be done;being done

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

  英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般由“be的一定形式+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。be在人稱和數(shù)上必須同主語(yǔ)一致。

 ☆被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being+過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being+過(guò)去分詞
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be+過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would be+過(guò)去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been+過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been+過(guò)去分詞

一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：

一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“shall(will)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面句型由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法。
  ①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，例如：
   主動(dòng)：We'll build a new house next year.
   被動(dòng)：A new house will be built(by us) next year.
  ②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（習(xí)慣上把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)）
   主動(dòng)：My mother will give me a shirt.
   被動(dòng)：I will be given a shirt(by my mother).
如果把直接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for
   主動(dòng)：My mother will give me a shirt.
   被動(dòng)：A new shirt will be given to me(by my mother).
  ③主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。如果是含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，將其中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)不變。例如：
   主動(dòng)：We'll ask him to help you tomorrow.
   被動(dòng)：He will be asked to help you(by us).

表示將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall+do,be+going+to do,be+doing,be+to do,be+about+to do
                   do→be done
(1).We'll build a new house next year.
A new house will be built (by us) next year.
(2).My mother will give me a present.
I will be given a present(by my mother).
A present will be given to me(by my mother).
(3).The mother is going to tell the baby a story
The baby is going to be told a story(by the mother).
A story is going to be told to the baby(by the mother).
(4).Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.
We are about to be sung a song(by Kelly)at the party.
A song is about to be sung for us(by Kelly)at the party.
(5).The police is going to have the thief stay in prison.
The thief is going to be had to stay in prison(by the police).

重點(diǎn)講解

In a room above the store,where a party was to be held,some workers were busily setting the table.
語(yǔ)境表示工人們?cè)跒榧磳㈤_始的晚會(huì)忙碌，忙碌是過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，那么晚會(huì)應(yīng)該是即將發(fā)生的事，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如果后面那句是some workers are busily setting the table,那么也可以用will be held.