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《語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題-名詞性從句》
名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句)
名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)：
(1)連接詞的選用
(2)語(yǔ)序
(3)時(shí)態(tài)
(4)和其它從句的區(qū)別
名詞性從句中的連接詞有：
連詞   that,whether/if  as if(though),because
連接代詞：what/who/which/whose/whom/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever
連接副詞：where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever
連詞：引導(dǎo)從句，但在從句中不做成分
that :無(wú)詞義，不作成分，起連接作用，但不能省去
whether/if: “是否”不作成分，起連接作用
as if(though):“好像”，只連接表語(yǔ)從句（可接狀語(yǔ)從句）
because :“因?yàn)椤保贿B接表語(yǔ)從句
連接代詞：引導(dǎo)從句，有詞義，并在從句中作成分
what(ever):（無(wú)論）什么，作主/賓/表/定語(yǔ)
which(ever):(無(wú)論）哪一個(gè)（些），作主、賓、表、定
who(ever):(無(wú)論）誰(shuí)（主格），作主、賓
whom(ever):(無(wú)論）誰(shuí)（主格），作賓
whose(ever):“(無(wú)論）誰(shuí)的，作定
連接副詞：引導(dǎo)從句，有詞義，作狀語(yǔ)
when(ever):“什么時(shí)候”，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
where(ever):“什么地方“，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
how:怎樣，方式狀語(yǔ)
why:為什么，原因狀語(yǔ)
1.主語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句
1）(That)he will succeed is certain.
2)(Whether)he will go there is not known.
3)(What)he said is not ture.
4)(Where)he hid the money is to be found out.
5)(Whoever)comes is welcome.
6)It's certain(that)he will succeed.
7)(How) we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8)(When)they'll start the project has not been decided yet.
考點(diǎn)一：主語(yǔ)從句后置！
為了避免主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ)。例：
That we shall be late is certain.
It's certain that we shall be late.
1.That the earth is round is known to all.
It's known to all that the earth is round.
2.That you missed the chance is a pity.
It is pity that you missed the chance.
常用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型
It is well known/reported/thought/said that...
It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful that...
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/that...
It doesn't matter whether...
It seems that...
It happens that...
考點(diǎn)二
主語(yǔ)從句作做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)一般動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
.What 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定
.What he needs is a book.
.What he needs are some books.
2.賓語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句（可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句）
1）.They know that the habit will kill them.
2)It all depends on whether they will wupport us.
3)I am afraid that he didn't call me.
4)He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.
5)I had it necessary that we should do the homewok.
考點(diǎn)一whether 和if 使用區(qū)別
1）whether 和if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
a. 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not 時(shí)，不用if.
eg:I don't know whether I will stay or not.
I will tell you whether/if he will go there.
b.介詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if
eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
用if 或whether 填空
1.I don't know (whether/if)I'll be free tomorrow.
2.I don't know (whether)or not I'll be free tomorrow.
3.It depends on (whether)we will have enough money.
4.(whether)they can do it matters littles to us.
5.The question is (whether)this book is worth writing.
6.The question(whether)he will go there hasn't been decide.
7.(If)you are not free tomorrow,I'll go without you.
考點(diǎn)二 that 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留（引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般可以省去但以下除外）
(1)在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ)）+賓補(bǔ)+that,即it做形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)從句（真正賓語(yǔ)）的that 不省略。
We must make it clear(that)we mean what we say.
I don't think it right (that) you leave home without telling your parentss.
(2)由連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從第二個(gè)that開(kāi)始不省略。
He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on time.
3.表語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句，一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。
作用：對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明
連接詞：that/whether/as if/as though/because(if 不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）
連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what
連接副詞：when/where/why/how
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That's because we were in need of money at that time.
He looked as if he was going to cry.
That's why I was late.
考點(diǎn)一：because,why表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別
1.He is absent today.It's (because)he is seriously ill.
2.He is seriously ill.That's (why)he is absent today.
注意：
It is/was because ...這是因?yàn)?..（表原因）
It is/was why...這就是為什么...（表結(jié)果）
The reason (why.../for...)is/was that...
做某事的原因是....
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，一般跟在一些抽象名詞（idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news;ability,patience,anxiety,answer,order,report,wish,decision,suggeation,doubt,

face,hope,message,promise,question,reply等）后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。
同位語(yǔ)從句常用that(雖不做句子成分，但不能省）引導(dǎo)或鏈接副詞when/where/why/how/whether引導(dǎo)。
1)(The idea)that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
2)(Word)came that the headmaster was coming to our class.
3)John kept his (promise)that he would always do anything he could for Mary to make sure of her happiness.
考點(diǎn)一：that同位語(yǔ)從句與that定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
從引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)看：引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無(wú)具體詞義，也不作句子成分，但不可省略；that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分-主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，有具體詞義，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以省略。例如：
a)The factory (that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.定語(yǔ)從句
b)The news (that)he will leave for Shanghai is true.同位語(yǔ)從句