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《語(yǔ)法專題-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（1）》
動(dòng)詞-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞）作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)
V-ing做主語(yǔ)
Playing with fire is dangerous.
表示一般或抽象的經(jīng)常性的行為
Be careful!To play with fire will be dangerous.
具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作
考點(diǎn)：常用it代-ing 作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有：
It+be+ a waste of time doing sth
做...是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的
It is/was no good/use doing sth
做....是沒(méi)好/用處的
It is/was worthwhile doing
做...是值得的
There is no doing
無(wú)法....：不允許...
Playing computer games is no good.=It's no good playing computer games.
V-ing 做賓語(yǔ)
1.We should often practise [speaking](speak)English every day.
2.He devoted his life to[studying](study)automic theory.
3.He hopes [to find](find) a job soon.
4.Missing the hus means [waiting](wait) for another two hours.
5.The bike needs repairing/to repaired.
1.只接v-ing 作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞
avoid,miss;put off,advise,suggest,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,can't,help,admit,deny,envy,eacape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind.
記憶訣竅
避免錯(cuò)過(guò)（少）延期，建議完成多練習(xí)；喜歡想象禁不住；承認(rèn)否認(rèn)與嫉妒；避免冒險(xiǎn)莫原原諒；忍受保持（不）介意
2.只接v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
insist on,object to, be good at,lead to,pur off,gove up,feel like,look forward to, devote to,be worth ,get used to,pay attention to
3.既跟動(dòng)名詞又跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
(1)forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be uesd to ,can't help后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意。
forget,regert,remember后跟動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
try to=do one's best to do盡力做某事
try doing sth試著做某事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事
go on to do 接著做另一件事
mean doing意味著要做某事
mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下來(lái)去做（別的事）
(2)begin,start,continue,like,love,hate等后面接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，意思沒(méi)有多大變化
(3)need/want/require/deserve dooing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.
My hair needs to be cut.
My hair needs cutting.
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)
我們最大的幸福是為人民服務(wù)
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.(動(dòng)名詞)
Our task is building our country.(動(dòng)名詞)
我們昨晚點(diǎn)的電影十分動(dòng)人。
The film we saw last night is quite moving.(現(xiàn)在分詞）
他的話很鼓舞人。
His words are encouraging.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
怎樣區(qū)分表語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞
（1）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)時(shí)等值關(guān)系，兩者有時(shí)可以互換，句子意思不變；動(dòng)名詞后面可以接賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)不是對(duì)等關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞后面不能接賓語(yǔ)，但它前面可以有修飾性的副詞，如very,rather等。
常用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有：譯作“令人...”
astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。
四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)
我們可以改進(jìn)工作方法。
We can improve our working method.
他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)設(shè)在一座廟里。
They set up an operating table in a smal temple.
中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
China is a developing country.
正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我們的班長(zhǎng)。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
怎樣區(qū)分定語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明該名詞的作用和用途，不表示名詞本身的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系即現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于所修飾名詞的謂語(yǔ)。
五、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)
動(dòng)名詞不能作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：
我看見(jiàn)他正在上路。
I saw him going upstais.
我們看著她在過(guò)大街。
We watched her crossing the street.
我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在房間里唱歌。
We heard her singing in her room.
提示：接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：
（一）感官及物動(dòng)詞
feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,observe,notice,find,smell
（二）使役動(dòng)詞：
have,keep,leave,get,catch
(六)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作狀語(yǔ)
doing sth    與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（和主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）
Following the teacher,the students came into the classroom.
being+done  強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（和主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的承受者）
Being followed by the students,the teacher came into the classroom.
having done 先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
（和主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）
Having finished the homework,the students went home.
having been done 先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
（和主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者）
Having been separsted from her husband for years,she felt lonely.
1.It took the workmen only two hours to finish (A )my car.
A repairing     B repair    C to repair   D repaired
2.Have you forgotten (A)$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember ( )it tomorrow?
A borrowing;to bring         B to borrow;bring      C borrowed;bringing    D borrowing;bringing
3.The classroom wants(D).
A clean    B cleaned   C to clean   D cleaning
4.Jack said that he wouldn't mind (C) for us.
A to wait   B wait   C waiting  D waited
5.Keep on(D) and you will succeed.
A atry    B try   C trying   D trying
6.His parents insist on (C) to college.
A he should go   B he go    C his going   D him to go
7.The story was so funny that we (C).
A couldn't    B can't but laugh    C couldn't help laughing      D couldn't help but to laugh
8.Though it sounds a bit too dear,it is worth(B).
A being bought    B buying   C to buy   D buying it
9.He devoted his life to ( C)the atomic theory.
A study   B be studied   C studying  D have studied
10.We are both lloking forward to(A) next week.
A going on vocation    B go on vocation     C be going on vocation    D have gone on vocation
動(dòng)詞ed形式（作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))
一、過(guò)去分詞的形式
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ed構(gòu)成，（played,carried)
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表
二、過(guò)去分詞一般表示完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作
三、過(guò)去分詞的作用：做定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
（一）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：
作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物代詞的餓過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。
1.過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。
eg:a lighted candle  a stolen car
2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。
Eg：The party held by their friends was a success.
The party which was held by their friends was a success.
(二)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
（1）The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）
(2)The library is now closed.
圖書(shū)館關(guān)門了。（過(guò)去分詞表狀態(tài)）