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課程內(nèi)容

《語法專題-動詞及動詞詞組》
一、動詞 verb
1.實(shí)義動詞（notional verb),又稱行為動詞，為表示動作或狀態(tài)的動詞，可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的位于。分為：
及物動詞vt:本身意思不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整
不及物動詞vi:自身意思完整，無需接賓語
We study English . 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。
2.連系動詞（linking verb):連西主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)特征或身份等。
（1）表示特征或狀態(tài)
*be,seem,appear,
*look,sound,feel,taste,smell
(2)表示保持某種狀態(tài)
*continue,keepmremain,stand,prove,stay,turn out
The meeting turned out to be successful.
(3)表示狀態(tài)變化
*become,get,grow,turn,fall,come,go,run
Wrong never comes right.
The river runs dry.
3.助動詞（auxiliary verb)一般無實(shí)際意義，只是幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣等，或構(gòu)成疑問或否定句，如have,do,shall,will
Britan told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time,didn't he?
I do want to help you.
4.情態(tài)動詞（modal verb):有一定意義，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，和不帶to 的動詞不定式（ought)一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。
can/could-be able to
may/might
must-must not;have to
need
should/ought to
dare
shall
will/would
二、動詞短語

英語中的動詞短語通常由動詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成，在句中起動詞的作用。
Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children,
In order to catch up with the advanced countries,we must keep learning.
動詞在句中作謂語或謂語的一部分時，其形式要隨主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。
1.動詞+副詞
The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in1930 he came to Shanghai.
When you turn on the TV set,clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen.
注意：在“動詞+副詞”的詞組中賓語位置有兩種情況：賓語如是名詞，則可置于副詞后面，亦可置于動詞和副詞之前。而如果賓語時代詞，只能置于動詞后面，即動詞和副詞之間。
You can take the magazine out of the reading room.
2.動詞+介詞
動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的詞組在詞義上相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，賓語置于介詞后面。
That fashion which differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport,give me a ring.
3.動詞+副詞+介詞
這類動詞短語在詞義上相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，其賓語置于介詞之后。
We must work hard to make up for lost time.
You are walking too fast I can't keep up wih you.
4.動詞+名詞
這類短語詞語中的常見動詞是have,take,give,make 等，后面的名詞通常是從動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動作名詞，并表達(dá)了短語動詞的真正意義。
He cautht sight of an old friend when he was shopping.
Take hold of the rope and you will climb up.
5.動詞+名詞+介詞
這類動詞短語只用作及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度，賓語總是位于介詞之后。
Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.
What the teacher says has great effect on the pupils.
6.be+形容詞（包括過去分詞作形容詞）+介詞
這類動詞短語也相當(dāng)于及物動詞，賓語位于介詞后面，形容詞的詞義是短語動詞的真正詞義。
I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.
It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively.
高考連接
（2012遼寧卷）26.Rod loves(A )clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.
A taking apart     B giving away    C making up   D turning off
(2012全國Ⅱ）12.We (C) to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A set sbout     B set up    C set out    D set down
答案 C
解析：此處set about 開始做...后接名詞、動名詞；set up 建立；set out 開始做....后接不定式
set down 寫下，記下
根據(jù)to paint 可知選set out
句意：那天我們開始粉刷整個房子但只完成了前面部分。
（2012江西卷）24.I've (C）the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A come into   B gone into    C got into    D run into
答案:C 
考點(diǎn)：考察動詞詞組搭配
解析：come into 進(jìn)來，go into 進(jìn)去  get into形成  run into 撞到
本句句意：在我從學(xué)?；丶业穆飞?，我已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了打電話黑窩祖父母的習(xí)慣。
（2012全國新課程）35 If she doesn't want to go,nothing you an say will (A)her.
A persuade    B promise    C invite   D support
(答案）A
（解析）此處persuade 說服，promise 許諾，invite 邀請， support 支持，句意：如果她不想去，你說什么都不能說服她
（考點(diǎn)定位）考查動詞詞義辨析。
（2012全國新課程）27，Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can (B )almost every word her teacher says.
A put  out   B put down   C put away   D put together
答案：B
解析：此處put out 熄火，put down 記下，寫下：put away 收拾，把東西放好；put together 放在一起
句意：Mary 非常擅長在課上記筆記。她能把她的老師說的每個詞寫下來。
（2012安徽卷）28.The athlete's years of hard training (C)when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A went on   B got through   C paid off   D ended up
答案 C
本題考察動詞詞組，pay off 有很多含義：
1.付清某人的工資并解雇他 償清欠款等等
2.對某人或某事進(jìn)行報復(fù)
3.使人得益，有報償
4.賄賂
（2012湖北卷）24.I'm so glad you've come here to (B)this matter in person.
A lead to     B see to    C turn to   D refer to
B
(解題思路）句意為：很高興你能來親自負(fù)責(zé)這起事件。
B 項(xiàng)意為“負(fù)債”，符合句意；A項(xiàng)意為“導(dǎo)致”《C 項(xiàng)意為“向...求助”，D 項(xiàng)意為“參考”，都與語意不符。