課程內容
《語法專題-動詞時態(tài)》
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點：表示經?；蛄晳T性的動作，句子中常有often always,from time to 等時間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes sround the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考點一：表示永恒的真理，客觀存在，科學事實，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The earth goes sround the sun.地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。
（典例）According to the literary review,Shakespeare(makes )his characters live through their language in his place.
考點二：表示格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。
注意：詞用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例：Columbus prowed that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
考例三：現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want to so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
考點四：
When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,as long as,by the time,if,incase(that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately等引導的時間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來。
He is going to visit her aun the day he arrives in Beijing.
I will call you if he comes here.
主將從現(xiàn)
2.現(xiàn)在進行時
1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，常與now,at present,at this time 等時間狀語連用。
Sorry,I can't go out to play.I'm doing my homework now.
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在運行但并非眼下。常與these days,this week等時間狀語連用。
Some foreign student are visiting our schools this week.
3.還表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作，常與表將來的時間狀語連用，---進行時表將來。
這樣的用法的動詞：arrive,come,get,go,leave,have,fly,visit等。
His grandpa is coming to see him tomorrow.
4.與副詞always,forever,constantly等連用，表達滿意，稱贊，驚訝或厭惡等感情色彩。
David is aonstantly leaving his things about.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時
表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結果或影響仍存在。一些標志性的時間狀語：
考點一：for+時間段：since+時間點
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考點二：常見的不確定的是時間狀語：
lately:recently:just:already:yet:up to now:till now:so far,these days 等
Has it stopped raining yet?
考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀、年、月以來...”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few year;during the last three months;for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughtout history等
考點四：表示”第幾次做某事“或在”It is the best(worst,moet interesting)+名詞+that'后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he was written.
4.一般過去時表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習慣性動作，不強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。
常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday;last week;in1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a fewdays ago;when 等
考點一：used to+do,表示過去經常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習慣動作。to 為不定式，后接動詞原形。
He used to smoke a lot.
考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.
5.過去進行時
表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內正在發(fā)生的動作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6.過去完成時
表示過去某個時間之前已經完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用（before 等時間詞）
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考點一：用于hardly/scarcely...when,no sooner...than句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主語倒樁）
考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted.
考點三：動詞hope,eapect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望，打算和意圖。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intened to see you but I was too busy.
7.一般將來時
表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow,next year,in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用。
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考點一：一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
主句用一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代將來時。
考點二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive,come,go,leave,start 等，用心在進行時形式表示將來。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考點三：”祈使句+and/or+句子“，這種結構中and 后面的句子位于用一般將來時。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考點四："am{is,are) going to+動詞原形"，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。
“am{is,are) about to+動詞原形”表示按照預定計劃或打算準備著手進行的動作。
“am{is,are) to+動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
8.將來進行時
表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。
I'll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
At that time tomorrow (B)over the Atlantic.
A we're going to fly B we'll be flying C we'll fly D we're to fly
9.將來完成時，表將來之間已經完成的動作。
點一：常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。
如：by the end of this year,by 8 o'clock this evening by March next year 及by the time...,before或when 等引導的副詞從句。
By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station,the rain will have left.
點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10.現(xiàn)在完成進行時
表示某動作從過去某個時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去?！癶ave/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
所用的時間狀語：this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+時間段，since+時間點，for+時間段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month.
現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時強調動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調動作的延續(xù)
He has changed his idea.
(2)在表示動作的延續(xù)時，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調動作的完成。因此在需要明確表示動作還要持續(xù)下去時，應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
We have been studying here for two years.
(3)有些延續(xù)性動詞（如keep,learb,live,stay,study,work等），用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別不大。
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years.
高考連接
1.-What is the price of petrol thses days?
-On,it(B)sharply since lat month.
A is raised B has risen C has arisen D is increased
2.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy island her holiday.
-Oh,how nice!Do you know when she(D)?
A was leaving B had left C has left D left
3.All the preparations for the task(D),and we're ready to start.
A completed B complete C had been completed D have been completed
4.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I (D )half of it.
A was missing B had missed C will miss D missed
5.The discussion (D) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A was coming B had come C has come D came
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范老師
女，中教中級職稱
市級骨干教師，多次獲省市級青年教師比賽一等獎。
