課程內(nèi)容
《狀語從句-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（2）》
（五）need 和dare
翻譯下列句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need/dare的用法
1.（1）I need a dictionary,so I need to go to the bookstore.我需要一本詞典，因此我要去趟書店。
（2）How often does your hair need washing (to be washed)?你的頭發(fā)需要多久洗一次？
（3）You don't need to wash your car every day.你不比每天洗車。
2.（1）It's only eight o'clock.Need you go so early?才8點(diǎn)，你需要去那么早嗎？
（2）You needn't tell him about it as I have told him.你不必跟他說那件事，我已經(jīng)告訴他了。
3.（1）I dare jump down from the top of the wall.我敢從那墻頭上跳下來。
（2）She doesn't dare (to)meet her teacher's eyes.她不敢與老師對視。
4.（1）How dare she do things like that to me?
她怎么敢對我做那樣的事情？
（2）Most girls daren't catch the mouse.
大多數(shù)女孩子不敢捉老鼠。
（3）If you dare say that to our teacher,I would ote for you.
假如你敢把那件事告訴老師，我就會投你的贊成票。
need 既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其主要用法如下：
1.可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“需要；必要”，后面可接名詞、動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等作賓語。其否定式和疑問句式借助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行變化。
2.need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，通常用于疑問句和否定句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形。這時(shí)need 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，也沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
dare 既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其主要用法如下：
1.可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)其后接動(dòng)詞不定式，但在否定句中to可以省略，且dare 有人稱和數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
2.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主要用于疑問句和否定句和條件句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有過去式形式。
（六）used to和ought to
翻譯下列句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to/ought to的用法
1.I used to write poetry when I was young.
我年輕時(shí)常常寫詩（現(xiàn)在不寫了）。
2.（1）He usedn't to come here.他過去不常來這兒。
（2）He didn't use to come here.他過去不常來這兒。
(3)Used he to come here?他過去常來這兒嗎？
（4）Did he use to come here?他過去常來這兒嗎？
3.We ought to leave at once.我們應(yīng)該馬上離開。
4.That ought to be enough food for all of us.那些應(yīng)該夠我們大家吃的了。
5.（1）He ought not to go now,ought he?
他現(xiàn)在不該走，是嗎？
（2）Ought we to have our clothes washed by our parents?
我們該讓父母為我們洗衣服嗎？
1.used to的意思是“過去經(jīng)常，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)終止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。其中的to 是不定式符號不是介詞，所以其后接動(dòng)詞原形。
2.used to作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可直接在used后加not 構(gòu)成否定式，直接將used 置于句首構(gòu)成疑問句式，但與一般的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用的，它可像普通動(dòng)詞那樣借助助動(dòng)詞did 構(gòu)成否定式和疑問式，此時(shí)used 改為use.
3.ought to 表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該”。
4.ought to表示推斷，意為“應(yīng)該”，“可能”
5.在否定句中ought not 或oughtn't，在疑問句中將ought 提到主語之前
七 had better would rather
翻譯下列句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better/would rathero的用法
1.(1)You'd better work out a plan for your future career.你最好為日后的職業(yè)生涯做出規(guī)劃。
（2）He had better fly to Beijing,which saves quite a lot of time.他最好坐飛機(jī)去北京，這樣節(jié)約大量時(shí)間。
（3）We'd better not blame each other before the truth comes out.事情沒弄清楚之前，我們最好不要花互相指責(zé)。
（4）Hadn't we better have a discussion about the coming school sports meet?
關(guān)于下次瀟運(yùn)會，我們是否最好討論一下？
2.（1）Liu Hulan would rather die than give in.劉胡蘭寧死不屈。
（2）I would spend more time on my work rather than turn to others for help.
工作方面，我寧愿多花些時(shí)間也不愿求助別人。
（3）Rather than refuse to help you,I would borrow money from my friends.
我寧可向我的朋友借錢，也不會拒絕幫助你。
（4）I'd rather you paid me in csh.
我寧愿你付我現(xiàn)金。
（5）I'd rather we hadn't seen each other before.我寧愿我們以前互不認(rèn)識。
（6)I would rather not have such a car,which always breaks down halfway.我寧愿沒有這樣一輛總是半途拋錨的車。
had better 的主要用法如下：
1.意思為“最好”，表達(dá)建議，后接動(dòng)詞原形
2.had為固定用詞，不可改為has或have
3.其否定式為had better not,不可為had not better
4.其疑句形式常為否定式，即Hadn't sb./sth. better do?
would rather 的主要用法如下：
1.常見句式為sb. would rather do...than do...,意思是“寧愿做什么而不愿做什么”。注意than后面的內(nèi)容為否定項(xiàng)：
2.句式為sb. would rather do...than do...可改為sb. would do...rather than do...
3.上述句式中rather than do可提前至句首：Rather than do...,sb. would do...
4.would rather 可以接賓語從句，表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪约斑^去相反的愿望。表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿喾磿r(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞一律用一般過去時(shí)，表達(dá)與過去相反的愿望時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；
5.would rather do 的否定式為would rather not do.
八 must 和have to
翻譯下列句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must/have to的用法
1（1）You must do as you are told.你必須遵屬行事。
（2）-Must we hand in our duty report before school is over?
-Yes,you must ./No,you needn't./No,you don't have to.
-我們必須放學(xué)前上交值日報(bào)告嗎？
-是的，必須/不是，不必
2.（1）They must be in the room,for the light is on.
他們一定在房間，因?yàn)闊羰橇恋摹?br>
（2）He must be listening to music now.He can't hear us.他一定在聽音樂，（所以）聽不到我們說說話
（3）This kind of book must have been sold out last month.這種書上個(gè)月一定賣完了。
3. All men must die.人必有一死
4.If you must go,at least wwait till the rain stops.如果你堅(jiān)持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
5.The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的時(shí)候機(jī)器偏偏壞了。
must 的主要用法有：
1.在肯定句，疑問句中表示必須、命令或強(qiáng)制，意為“必須，得”。在否定句中表禁止，意為“不得，決不可”；
2.表示肯定的推測，意為“一定”。推測句式有三種，分別是對現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)或正字啊進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作以及過去所處的裝填或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的推測，說話者語氣十分肯定。must +be...(現(xiàn)在）一定是或出于某種狀態(tài)；must be doing (現(xiàn)在）一定正在做某事；must have done sth 過去一定做了某事
3.表示不可避免性，意為“必然要，必定會”。
4.表示主張意為“一定要，堅(jiān)持要”；
5.表示出乎意料或與愿望相反，意為“偏要”。
have to的主要用法有：
1.側(cè)重客觀上的必須，可譯為“不得不”；
2.have to 有時(shí)態(tài)變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為have/has to;過去時(shí)為had to,將來時(shí)為will have to
4.have to的否定形式是don't have to,相當(dāng)于needn't.
二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)歸納：
（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊考點(diǎn)
（1）can,could 多用于否定句和疑問句表推測，但在肯定句表推測時(shí)，表示一時(shí)的可能性
（2）must 表示“偏要，硬要干某事”。
（3）may放在句首表示祝愿
（4）will,表意愿；would 表示過去的某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，譯作“過去常常，習(xí)慣做某事”。
（5）should 表示驚訝和驚奇；表推測，“該...”
（6）shall 用于第二、三人稱陳述句中表示允諾、命令、警告、威脅、決心和法律條文所規(guī)定的人人遵守的規(guī)章制度
（二）不同的“推測”程度按下列層次排列
He is at home.(事實(shí)）
He must be at home.(非常肯定的推斷）
He ought to/should be at home.(很可能）
He may be at home.(僅僅可能而已）
He might be at home.(或許，非常不確定）
He might not be at home.(也許不在家）
He may not be at home.(比might 可能大）
He couldn't be at home.(很可能不在家）
He can't be at home.(不可能在家）
He isn't at home.(事實(shí)）
（三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done
(1)should/shouldn't have done sth
本來應(yīng)做而未做，表達(dá)遺憾感情色彩
ought/oughtn't to have done sth
本不該做某事卻做了，有抱怨的口氣
（2）may/might have done本可以、也許做了某事
（3）must have done 一定做過了某事
（4）can/could have done 本來能夠做、本可以做某事
can't /couldn't have done 不可能做過某事
（5）needn't have done sth 本來沒必要做某事
翻譯下列句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 的用法
1.（1）It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的
（2）Mr/Smith can't have gone to Beijing ,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因?yàn)槲覄偛胚€在圖書館見過他，
2.（1）-What has happened to George?
-I don't know.He may have got lost.
-喬治發(fā)生了什么事？
-我不知道，他可能迷路了。
3.Tom ,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作過本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。
4.I needn't have bought so much wine-only five people came.
我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了5個(gè)人。
1.You (D) your tooth pilled out before it rot competely.
A had better got B had to get better C had better to get D had better get
2.When we got to the cinema,the film hasn't started yet,so we(D).
A needn't hurry B didn't need hurry C needn't to hurry D needn't have hurried
3.It was really vey dangerous;you (A) him seriously.
A might have injured B could injure C shold have injured D must injure
4.As he had heart attack,he was told that he (C) continue the work.
A needn't B may not C mustn't D can't
5.We ought to help each other in our work,(A)?
A oughtn't we B should we C shouldn't we D ought to we
6.Two eyes (A) see more than one.
A can B may C will D should
7.When I got to the cinema,the film had already started;I (B) there earlier.
A ought to get B ought to have got C must have got D must get
8.I thought you (B)like something to read,so I have brought you some books.
A may B might C would D must
9.Where is my pen?I (D) it.
A might lose B would have lost C should have lost D must have lost
10 I didn't hear the phone.I (B) asleep.
A must be B must have been C should be D should have been
此內(nèi)容正在抓緊時(shí)間編輯中，請耐心等待
丁老師
女，中教高級職稱
高三英語中心組成員，市名師、市學(xué)科帶頭人、市骨干教師。長期擔(dān)任高三畢業(yè)班英語教學(xué)。
