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《專題-高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（4）》
第二招：因果法
在句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)生詞詞義。因果關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境，通常由because,so,therfore,so that,so/much...that...等連詞體現(xiàn)
"But,"began Kim,"I feel that since you are my superior,it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do."
The word"presumptuous" in the passage is the closest in meaning to"( B ).
A full of respect
B too confident and rude
C lacking in experience
D too shy and quiet
第三招：語(yǔ)境線索法
在出現(xiàn)生詞或詞義不明確的文章中，有時(shí)能根據(jù)上下文中某些關(guān)鍵的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子推斷出生詞的含義。
第四招：利用對(duì)比線索
有時(shí)文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會(huì)用一對(duì)反義詞揭示事物的不同點(diǎn)，形成鮮明的對(duì)比，這時(shí)只要把握其中的一個(gè)詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時(shí)句中多見unlike,although,but,yet,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,instead of,rather than等信息詞。
"Unlike vitamin C,leadership skils can't be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.
The underlined word "cultivated"roughly means (D).
A encourage     B compared   C examined   D developed
第五招：利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系
同義詞替換可以為我們推測(cè)詞義提供明顯的語(yǔ)境線索。一些常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有or,like,similarly等。同等關(guān)系時(shí)指一個(gè)詞、一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義屬同一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，即可確定同等關(guān)系中生詞的詞性、作用和大概意思。
Quietly,the graying of American has made us a very different society-one in which people have a quite different ideas of what kind of behavior(行為）is suitable at various ages.The underlined word"one"refers to(A).
A a society     B America    C a place    D population
第六招： 利用例證性線索
某些冷僻的詞匯后會(huì)有一個(gè)例子，使詞匯具體易懂。如such as,like,for example,for instance等連接性詞語(yǔ)往往用來(lái)列舉說明前面難理解的名詞。
You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School,or English Learning.
第七招：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法
閱讀中常會(huì)遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或含有的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)其意思。
The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time.It is true that lighthouses were built in (out-of-the-way) places.But on a pleasant sunny summer day,this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
The underlined phrase"out-of-the-way"means(A)
A far-away   B dangerous  C ancient   D secret
第八招利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)化
The (aging)of the population will affect American society in manys ways:education,medicine,and business.
The underlined word "aging"means(C).
A counting the number of years someone lives
B the numbers of years someone lives
C becoming older
D making someone looking older
閱讀理解的主旨大意
此類題型要求考生在理解全文后歸納文章要點(diǎn)。文章是由段落組成的，段落的主體就是段落的中心思想。就一篇文章而言，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，進(jìn)而通過主題句歸納出文章的主題。
主旨大意題常見的設(shè)題形式有：
1）The main idea of the passage is ( ).
2)The conclusion we can draw from the story is( ).
3)Which of the following is the best title?
4)The main purpose of the story is to tell us( ).
專家支招
（第一招）根據(jù)文章首尾句抓大意
說明文、議論文多采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。文章段落的中心即主題句通常在文章的首尾句。因此，要尋找這類文章的主旨大意就需研究文章的首尾句。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是：考生在捕捉文章的主題句時(shí)，應(yīng)該對(duì)包括主題句的段落進(jìn)行適當(dāng)分析。