課程內(nèi)容
《動詞語態(tài)》
考點一:被動語態(tài)注意情況
1.主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend) on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book(by my friend) on my birthday.
2.主動變被動時,賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss).
3.短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of(by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
4.情態(tài)動詞和be going to,be to,be sure to,used to,have to,had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài),只需要將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。
5.當(dāng)句子謂語為say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:
People say he is a smart boy.
=It is said that he is a smart boy.
=He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
=It is known that paper was made in China first.
=Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似巨型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that…
考點二:不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。
1.所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。
2.表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last,hold,benefit,,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,cost,look like,consist to等。
3.表示歸屬的動詞,如have,own,belong to等。
4.表示“希望、意圖”的動詞:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
5.賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。
6.賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞。
7.有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell,write,wash,open,lock等(此句中常會有一些表示性質(zhì)或動作特征的副詞:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly等)。
考點三:主動形式表被動意義。
1.當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時；當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels won't sell well.這些小說不暢銷。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
The door won't lock,門鎖不上。
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。
2.當(dāng)break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
3.want,require,need,demand,request后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。
4.be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。
5.在“be+形容詞+to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
The girl isn't easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
考點四:被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。
1.be seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.
(He seats himself on a bench.)
2.be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.
(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在后門。
3.be lost迷路
4.be drunk喝醉
5.be dressed(in sth)穿著…
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
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范老師
女，中教中級職稱
市級骨干教師，多次獲省市級青年教師比賽一等獎。
